[
  {
    "slug": "abheri",
    "name": "Abheri",
    "alt_names": [
      "Karnataka Devagandhari"
    ],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 22,
    "arohana": "S g M P n S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n D P M g R S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "karuna",
    "notes": "Janya of Kharaharapriya (22). Audava-sampurna. Popular in film music too."
  },
  {
    "slug": "ahir-bhairav",
    "name": "Ahir Bhairav",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Bhairav",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S r G M P D n S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n D P M G r S",
    "vadi": "M",
    "samvadi": "S",
    "time": "morning",
    "rasa": "karuna",
    "notes": "Komal Re (Bhairav-anga) combined with komal Ni (Kafi-anga). Popular in light-classical."
  },
  {
    "slug": "amritavarshini",
    "name": "Amritavarshini",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 66,
    "arohana": "S G M' P N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N P M' G S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "shanta",
    "notes": "Janya of Chitrambari (66). Pentatonic; legend says Muthuswami Dikshitar invoked rain with it."
  },
  {
    "slug": "ananda-bhairavi",
    "name": "Anandabhairavi",
    "alt_names": [
      "Ananda Bhairavi"
    ],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 20,
    "arohana": "S G g M P D P n S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n D P M g R S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "shanta",
    "notes": "Janya of Natabhairavi (20). Uses both shuddha and komal Ga. Bhashanga raga. Closely tied to devotional bhajans."
  },
  {
    "slug": "arabhi",
    "name": "Arabhi",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 29,
    "arohana": "S R M P D S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N D P M G R S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "vira",
    "notes": "Janya of Shankarabharanam (29). Audava-sampurna (5 ascending, 7 descending)."
  },
  {
    "slug": "asavari",
    "name": "Asavari",
    "alt_names": [
      "Komal Rishabh Asavari"
    ],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Asavari",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S R M P d S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n d P M P g R S",
    "vadi": "d",
    "samvadi": "g",
    "time": "late morning",
    "rasa": "karuna",
    "notes": "Late-morning raga. The thaat is named after it. Komal Re version (Bilaskhani Todi) is also called Asavari."
  },
  {
    "slug": "bageshri",
    "name": "Bageshri",
    "alt_names": [
      "Bageshree"
    ],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Kafi",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S g M D n S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n D M P D g M g R S",
    "vadi": "M",
    "samvadi": "S",
    "time": "late night",
    "rasa": "shringara (separation)",
    "notes": "Pa is often omitted in arohana. Conveys longing and viraha (separation)."
  },
  {
    "slug": "basant",
    "name": "Basant",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Poorvi",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S G M' d r' S'",
    "avarohana": "r' N d P M' G M G r S",
    "vadi": "S",
    "samvadi": "P",
    "time": "late night (spring season)",
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Spring raga (basant = spring). Sandhi-prakash but associated with the Holi season."
  },
  {
    "slug": "behag",
    "name": "Behag",
    "alt_names": [
      "Carnatic Bihag"
    ],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 29,
    "arohana": "S G M P N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N D P M' G M G R S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Janya of Shankarabharanam (29). Bhashanga; uses anya-svara tivra Ma. Adopted from Hindustani Bihag."
  },
  {
    "slug": "bhairav",
    "name": "Bhairav",
    "alt_names": [
      "Bhairon"
    ],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Bhairav",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S r G M P d N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N d P M G r S",
    "vadi": "d",
    "samvadi": "r",
    "time": "early morning",
    "rasa": "shanta",
    "notes": "Foundational morning raga, associated with austerity and devotion. The thaat is named after it."
  },
  {
    "slug": "bhairavam",
    "name": "Bhairavam",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 28,
    "arohana": "S G M P D S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N D P M G R S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "shanta",
    "notes": "Janya of Harikambhoji (28). Audava-sampurna; Re is omitted in arohana."
  },
  {
    "slug": "bhairavi",
    "name": "Bhairavi",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Bhairavi",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S r g M P d n S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n d P M g r S",
    "vadi": "M",
    "samvadi": "S",
    "time": "morning (concluding raga in any session)",
    "rasa": "karuna",
    "notes": "Always sung as the closing raga of a concert. Uses all five komal svaras. Distinct from the Carnatic raga of the same name."
  },
  {
    "slug": "bhairavi-carnatic",
    "name": "Bhairavi (Carnatic)",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 20,
    "arohana": "S R g M P D n S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n d P M g R S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "karuna",
    "notes": "Janya of Natabhairavi (20). Uses both shuddha Dha (ascending) and komal Dha (descending) — a bhashanga feature. Distinct from Hindustani Bhairavi."
  },
  {
    "slug": "bhimpalasi",
    "name": "Bhimpalasi",
    "alt_names": [
      "Bhimpalas"
    ],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Kafi",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "N S g M P n S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n D P M g R S",
    "vadi": "M",
    "samvadi": "S",
    "time": "afternoon",
    "rasa": "karuna / shringara",
    "notes": "Afternoon raga. Audava-sampurna jati; Re and Dha are omitted in arohana."
  },
  {
    "slug": "bhoopali",
    "name": "Bhoopali",
    "alt_names": [
      "Bhoop",
      "Bhupali"
    ],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Kalyan",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S R G P D S'",
    "avarohana": "S' D P G R S",
    "vadi": "G",
    "samvadi": "D",
    "time": "first prahar of night",
    "rasa": "shanta",
    "notes": "Pentatonic raga; Ma and Ni are omitted. One of the simplest and most evocative ragas."
  },
  {
    "slug": "bihag",
    "name": "Bihag",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Bilawal",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "N S G M P N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N D P M' G M G R S",
    "vadi": "G",
    "samvadi": "N",
    "time": "first prahar of night",
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Both Ma's used. The tivra Ma is used sparingly. Popular for vilambit khayal."
  },
  {
    "slug": "bilahari",
    "name": "Bilahari",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 29,
    "arohana": "S R G P D S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N D P M G R S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Janya of Shankarabharanam (29). Audava-sampurna; bright, auspicious mood."
  },
  {
    "slug": "bilawal",
    "name": "Bilawal",
    "alt_names": [
      "Bilaval",
      "Alhaiya Bilawal"
    ],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Bilawal",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S R G M P D N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N D P M G R S",
    "vadi": "D",
    "samvadi": "G",
    "time": "morning",
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "The \"shuddha\" scale of Hindustani music (equivalent to major). The thaat is named after it."
  },
  {
    "slug": "chandrakauns",
    "name": "Chandrakauns",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Bhairavi",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S g M d N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N d M g S",
    "vadi": "M",
    "samvadi": "S",
    "time": "late night",
    "rasa": "shanta",
    "notes": "Pentatonic variant of Malkauns with shuddha Ni instead of komal."
  },
  {
    "slug": "charukesi",
    "name": "Charukesi",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 26,
    "arohana": "S R G M P d n S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n d P M G R S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "karuna",
    "notes": "Mela 26. Adopted in Hindustani; a favorite of film composers for melancholy melodies."
  },
  {
    "slug": "darbari-kanada",
    "name": "Darbari Kanada",
    "alt_names": [
      "Darbari"
    ],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Asavari",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S R g M P d n S'",
    "avarohana": "S' d n P M P g M R S",
    "vadi": "R",
    "samvadi": "P",
    "time": "late night",
    "rasa": "gambhira",
    "notes": "Said to be introduced by Tansen at Akbar's court. Slow, dignified, with characteristic oscillation on komal Ga and Dha."
  },
  {
    "slug": "desh",
    "name": "Desh",
    "alt_names": [
      "Des"
    ],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Khamaj",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S R M P N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n D P M G R g R S",
    "vadi": "P",
    "samvadi": "R",
    "time": "second prahar of night",
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Monsoon-associated raga; often heard in light-classical and patriotic music (\"Vande Mataram\" is set in Desh)."
  },
  {
    "slug": "devagandhari",
    "name": "Devagandhari",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 29,
    "arohana": "S R M P D S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N D P M G R S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "karuna",
    "notes": "Janya of Shankarabharanam (29). Audava-sampurna; similar to Arabhi but with distinct gamakas."
  },
  {
    "slug": "durga",
    "name": "Durga",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Bilawal",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S R M P D S'",
    "avarohana": "S' D P M R S",
    "vadi": "M",
    "samvadi": "S",
    "time": "late night",
    "rasa": "shanta",
    "notes": "Pentatonic; omits Ga and Ni. Distinct from Shuddha Saveri (Carnatic) which uses the same notes."
  },
  {
    "slug": "dwijavanti",
    "name": "Dwijavanti",
    "alt_names": [
      "Dvijavanti"
    ],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 28,
    "arohana": "S R G M P D S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N D P M g M R g R S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Janya of Harikambhoji (28). Bhashanga; uses anya-svara komal Ga in avarohana. Adapted from Hindustani Jaijaiwanti."
  },
  {
    "slug": "gamanashrama",
    "name": "Gamanashrama",
    "alt_names": [
      "Gamanasrama"
    ],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 53,
    "arohana": "S r G M' P D N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N D P M' G r S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Mela 53. Parent of Purvikalyani."
  },
  {
    "slug": "gaud-malhar",
    "name": "Gaud Malhar",
    "alt_names": [
      "Gaud Sarang Malhar"
    ],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Khamaj",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S G M D N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n D P M G M R S",
    "vadi": "M",
    "samvadi": "S",
    "time": "monsoon (night)",
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Malhar-anga combined with Gaud. Both Ni's appear."
  },
  {
    "slug": "gaud-sarang",
    "name": "Gaud Sarang",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Kalyan",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S G R M G P M' D P N D S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N D P M' G M R G R S",
    "vadi": "G",
    "samvadi": "D",
    "time": "late morning / midday",
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Vakra (zigzag) raga; non-linear melodic movement is essential."
  },
  {
    "slug": "gujari-todi",
    "name": "Gujari Todi",
    "alt_names": [
      "Gurjari Todi"
    ],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Todi",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S r g M' d N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N d M' g r S",
    "vadi": "d",
    "samvadi": "g",
    "time": "morning",
    "rasa": "karuna",
    "notes": "Pa is omitted, distinguishing it from Miyan ki Todi."
  },
  {
    "slug": "gunkali",
    "name": "Gunkali",
    "alt_names": [
      "Gunkari"
    ],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Bhairavi",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S r M P d S'",
    "avarohana": "S' d P M r S",
    "vadi": "d",
    "samvadi": "r",
    "time": "morning",
    "rasa": "karuna",
    "notes": "Pentatonic; Ga and Ni omitted. Morning raga similar to Asavari."
  },
  {
    "slug": "hamir",
    "name": "Hamir",
    "alt_names": [
      "Hameer"
    ],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Kalyan",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S R G M D N S' or S R S G M' D N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N D P M' P G M R S",
    "vadi": "D",
    "samvadi": "G",
    "time": "first prahar of night",
    "rasa": "vira / shringara",
    "notes": "Kalyan-anga with prominent meend on M' to D. Bright, regal mood."
  },
  {
    "slug": "hamsadhwani-carnatic",
    "name": "Hamsadhwani",
    "alt_names": [
      "Hansadhwani"
    ],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 29,
    "arohana": "S R G P N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N P G R S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Janya of Shankarabharanam (29). Pentatonic; introduced by Ramaswami Dikshitar. Concert-opening raga."
  },
  {
    "slug": "hansadhwani",
    "name": "Hansadhwani",
    "alt_names": [
      "Hamsadhwani"
    ],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Bilawal",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S R G P N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N P G R S",
    "vadi": "P",
    "samvadi": "R",
    "time": "evening",
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Pentatonic raga of Carnatic origin (Carnatic janya of Sankarabharanam, mela 29). Widely adopted in Hindustani too."
  },
  {
    "slug": "harikambhoji",
    "name": "Harikambhoji",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 28,
    "arohana": "S R G M P D n S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n D P M G R S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Mela 28. Equivalent to Hindustani Khamaj. Parent of Kambhoji, Bilahari (alternate), Yadukula Kambhoji."
  },
  {
    "slug": "hindolam",
    "name": "Hindolam",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 20,
    "arohana": "S g M d n S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n d M g S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "karuna",
    "notes": "Janya of Natabhairavi (20). Pentatonic; equivalent to Hindustani Malkauns."
  },
  {
    "slug": "jaijaiwanti",
    "name": "Jaijaiwanti",
    "alt_names": [
      "Jayajaywanti"
    ],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Khamaj",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S R g R S ' N S R G M P N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N D P M G M R g R S",
    "vadi": "R",
    "samvadi": "P",
    "time": "late night",
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Both komal and shuddha Ga; both komal and shuddha Ni. A composite raga combining elements of Khamaj and Bageshri."
  },
  {
    "slug": "jaunpuri",
    "name": "Jaunpuri",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Asavari",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S R M P d n S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n d P M g R S",
    "vadi": "d",
    "samvadi": "g",
    "time": "late morning",
    "rasa": "karuna",
    "notes": "Mid-morning raga; named after Jaunpur. Close to Asavari with komal Re in arohana."
  },
  {
    "slug": "jog",
    "name": "Jog",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Kafi",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S G M P n S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n P M g M G S",
    "vadi": "g",
    "samvadi": "S",
    "time": "late night",
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Both shuddha and komal Ga; Re and Dha omitted. Strong folk character."
  },
  {
    "slug": "kafi",
    "name": "Kafi",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Kafi",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S R g M P D n S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n D P M g R S",
    "vadi": "P",
    "samvadi": "S",
    "time": "late night",
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Light-classical raga commonly used for thumri, dadra, ghazal. The thaat is named after it."
  },
  {
    "slug": "kalyanavasantam",
    "name": "Kalyanavasantam",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 21,
    "arohana": "S g M P D N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N D P M g R S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Janya of Keeravani (21). Romantic raga; popular Tyagaraja kriti \"Nadaloludai\"."
  },
  {
    "slug": "kalyani",
    "name": "Kalyani",
    "alt_names": [
      "Mechakalyani"
    ],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 65,
    "arohana": "S R G M' P D N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N D P M' G R S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Mela 65. Considered equivalent to Hindustani Yaman. Auspicious raga used at the start of concerts."
  },
  {
    "slug": "kamavardhini",
    "name": "Kamavardhini",
    "alt_names": [
      "Pantuvarali"
    ],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 51,
    "arohana": "S r G M' P d N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N d P M' G r S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "karuna",
    "notes": "Mela 51. Equivalent to Hindustani Poorvi. Also called Pantuvarali in some traditions."
  },
  {
    "slug": "kambhoji",
    "name": "Kambhoji",
    "alt_names": [
      "Kambodhi"
    ],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 28,
    "arohana": "S R G M P D S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n D P M G R S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Janya of Harikambhoji (28). One of the most expressive Carnatic ragas. Ni only in avarohana."
  },
  {
    "slug": "kanada",
    "name": "Kanada",
    "alt_names": [
      "Karnataka Kanada"
    ],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 22,
    "arohana": "S R g M D n S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n P M g M R S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "karuna",
    "notes": "Janya of Kharaharapriya (22). Vakra. Related to Hindustani Darbari Kanada family but distinct."
  },
  {
    "slug": "kapi",
    "name": "Kapi",
    "alt_names": [
      "Karnataka Kapi"
    ],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 22,
    "arohana": "S R M P n S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n D P M G R g R S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Janya of Kharaharapriya (22). Bhashanga; both Ga's, both Ni's, both Dha's. Distinct from Hindustani Kafi."
  },
  {
    "slug": "kedar",
    "name": "Kedar",
    "alt_names": [
      "Kedara"
    ],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Kalyan",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S M M' P D P N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N D P M' P D P M G S R S",
    "vadi": "M",
    "samvadi": "S",
    "time": "first prahar of night",
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Both Ma's. Re is largely absent in arohana. Named after Lord Shiva (Kedarnath)."
  },
  {
    "slug": "keeravani",
    "name": "Keeravani",
    "alt_names": [
      "Kirvani"
    ],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 21,
    "arohana": "S R g M P d N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N d P M g R S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "karuna",
    "notes": "Mela 21. Harmonic minor scale. Popular in film music. Equivalent to Hindustani Kirwani."
  },
  {
    "slug": "khamaj",
    "name": "Khamaj",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Khamaj",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S G M P D n S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n D P M G R S",
    "vadi": "G",
    "samvadi": "N",
    "time": "late evening",
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Light-classical raga; the thaat is named after it. Often used for thumri and ghazal."
  },
  {
    "slug": "kharaharapriya",
    "name": "Kharaharapriya",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 22,
    "arohana": "S R g M P D n S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n D P M g R S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Mela 22. Equivalent to Hindustani Kafi. Parent of Abheri, Mukhari, Sriranjani and many others."
  },
  {
    "slug": "lalit",
    "name": "Lalit",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Marwa",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "N r G M' d M' G M' d N r' S'",
    "avarohana": "r' N d M' G M' G r S",
    "vadi": "M'",
    "samvadi": "S",
    "time": "last prahar of night (pre-dawn)",
    "rasa": "karuna",
    "notes": "Pa is omitted; both Ma's used together — a defining feature. Sung at the brahma-muhurta (pre-dawn)."
  },
  {
    "slug": "lalita",
    "name": "Lalita",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 15,
    "arohana": "S r G M' D N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N D M' G r S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "karuna",
    "notes": "Janya of Mayamalavagowla (15). Pa is omitted. Adapted from Hindustani Lalit."
  },
  {
    "slug": "madhuvanti",
    "name": "Madhuvanti",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Todi",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S g M' P N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N D P M' g R S",
    "vadi": "P",
    "samvadi": "S",
    "time": "late afternoon",
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Modern raga (20th century), shuddha Re in avarohana, komal Ga, tivra Ma."
  },
  {
    "slug": "madhyamavati",
    "name": "Madhyamavati",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 22,
    "arohana": "S R M P n S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n P M R S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "shanta",
    "notes": "Janya of Kharaharapriya (22). Auspicious mangala raga; traditional closing raga of Carnatic concerts."
  },
  {
    "slug": "malayamarutham",
    "name": "Malayamarutham",
    "alt_names": [
      "Malayamarutam"
    ],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 16,
    "arohana": "S r G P D n S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n D P G r S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Janya of Chakravakam (16). Pentatonic; Ma is omitted. Light, breeze-like mood (the name means \"mountain breeze\")."
  },
  {
    "slug": "malhar",
    "name": "Shuddha Malhar",
    "alt_names": [
      "Malhar (shuddha)"
    ],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Kafi",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S R M R P D n D S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n D P M R S",
    "vadi": "M",
    "samvadi": "S",
    "time": "monsoon",
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Ancestral malhar; predates Miyan ki Malhar and Gaud Malhar."
  },
  {
    "slug": "malkauns",
    "name": "Malkauns",
    "alt_names": [
      "Malkosh"
    ],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Bhairavi",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S g M d n S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n d M g M g S",
    "vadi": "M",
    "samvadi": "S",
    "time": "late night (third prahar)",
    "rasa": "vira",
    "notes": "Pentatonic (audava) raga; omits Re and Pa. Considered one of the most ancient ragas."
  },
  {
    "slug": "maru-bihag",
    "name": "Maru Bihag",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Kalyan",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "N S G M' P N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N D P M' G M G R S",
    "vadi": "G",
    "samvadi": "N",
    "time": "first prahar of night",
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Bihag-anga with tivra Ma. Romantic evening raga."
  },
  {
    "slug": "marwa",
    "name": "Marwa",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Marwa",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "N r G M' D N r' S'",
    "avarohana": "S' D N D M' G r S",
    "vadi": "r",
    "samvadi": "D",
    "time": "sunset",
    "rasa": "vira / adbhuta",
    "notes": "Pa is omitted entirely. Sunset raga with strong tonal tension. The thaat is named after it."
  },
  {
    "slug": "mayamalavagowla",
    "name": "Mayamalavagowla",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 15,
    "arohana": "S r G M P d N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N d P M G r S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "shanta",
    "notes": "Mela 15. The first raga taught to Carnatic students (Purandaradasa's pedagogical choice). Equivalent to Hindustani Bhairav."
  },
  {
    "slug": "megh",
    "name": "Megh",
    "alt_names": [
      "Megh Malhar"
    ],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Kafi",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S R M P n S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n P M R S",
    "vadi": "S",
    "samvadi": "P",
    "time": "monsoon (anytime)",
    "rasa": "shanta / vira",
    "notes": "One of the malhar family; associated with rain. Audava (pentatonic) raga."
  },
  {
    "slug": "miyan-ki-malhar",
    "name": "Miyan ki Malhar",
    "alt_names": [
      "Miyan Malhar"
    ],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Kafi",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S R g M R P N D N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' D N P M P g M R S",
    "vadi": "M",
    "samvadi": "S",
    "time": "monsoon (night)",
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Attributed to Tansen (\"Miyan\" was his title). Both shuddha and komal Ni used."
  },
  {
    "slug": "mohanam",
    "name": "Mohanam",
    "alt_names": [
      "Mohana"
    ],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 28,
    "arohana": "S R G P D S'",
    "avarohana": "S' D P G R S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Janya of Harikambhoji (28). Pentatonic; equivalent to Hindustani Bhoopali."
  },
  {
    "slug": "mukhari",
    "name": "Mukhari",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 22,
    "arohana": "S R g M P n D n S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n d P M g R S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "karuna",
    "notes": "Janya of Kharaharapriya (22). Bhashanga; uses both shuddha and komal Dha."
  },
  {
    "slug": "multani",
    "name": "Multani",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Todi",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "N S g M' P N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N d P M' g r S",
    "vadi": "P",
    "samvadi": "S",
    "time": "late afternoon",
    "rasa": "karuna",
    "notes": "Afternoon raga. Audava-sampurna jati (5 notes ascending, 7 descending)."
  },
  {
    "slug": "natabhairavi",
    "name": "Natabhairavi",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 20,
    "arohana": "S R g M P d n S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n d P M g R S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "karuna",
    "notes": "Mela 20. Equivalent to Hindustani Asavari. Parent of Hindolam (Carnatic), Anandabhairavi (alternate parentage debated)."
  },
  {
    "slug": "natai",
    "name": "Nata",
    "alt_names": [
      "Natta",
      "Chalanata"
    ],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 36,
    "arohana": "S R3 G3 M P D3 N3 S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N3 D3 P M G3 R3 S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "vira",
    "notes": "Mela 36 (Chalanata). All svaras at their highest variant. The opening raga of Tyagaraja's Pancharatna Kritis (Jagadanandakaraka)."
  },
  {
    "slug": "natakurinji",
    "name": "Natakurinji",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 28,
    "arohana": "S R G M N D n D P M G S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N D M G M P G R S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Janya of Harikambhoji (28). Vakra raga; one of the most-loved janyas of Harikambhoji."
  },
  {
    "slug": "nattakurinji",
    "name": "Nattakurinji",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 28,
    "arohana": "S G M P D n D P N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n D M G S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Janya of Harikambhoji (28). Vakra raga with intricate phrases."
  },
  {
    "slug": "panthuvarali",
    "name": "Panthuvarali",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 51,
    "arohana": "S r G M' P d N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N d P M' G r S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "karuna",
    "notes": "Mela 51 (same as Kamavardhini in many traditions). Mournful, intense character."
  },
  {
    "slug": "paraj",
    "name": "Paraj",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Poorvi",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "N S G M' P d N S' r' S'",
    "avarohana": "r' N d P M' G M G r S",
    "vadi": "S",
    "samvadi": "P",
    "time": "last prahar of night",
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Pre-dawn raga; close to Basant but distinct vadi-samvadi."
  },
  {
    "slug": "patdeep",
    "name": "Patdeep",
    "alt_names": [
      "Patdeepaki"
    ],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Kafi",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "N S g M P N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N D P M g R S",
    "vadi": "P",
    "samvadi": "S",
    "time": "afternoon",
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Afternoon raga. Audava-sampurna; bright character despite komal Ga."
  },
  {
    "slug": "pilu",
    "name": "Pilu",
    "alt_names": [
      "Peelu"
    ],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Kafi",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S g R g M P n D n P g R S",
    "avarohana": "S' n D P M P g R g S",
    "vadi": "g",
    "samvadi": "P",
    "time": "late afternoon",
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Light-classical raga; both Ga's, both Ni's, both Dha's used freely. Common for thumri."
  },
  {
    "slug": "puriya",
    "name": "Puriya",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Marwa",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "N r G M' D N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N D M' G r S",
    "vadi": "G",
    "samvadi": "N",
    "time": "sunset",
    "rasa": "vira",
    "notes": "Sister raga to Marwa; same notes but vadi/samvadi shift the mood."
  },
  {
    "slug": "puriya-dhanashri",
    "name": "Puriya Dhanashri",
    "alt_names": [
      "Puriya Dhanashree"
    ],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Poorvi",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S r G M' P d N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N d P M' G r S",
    "vadi": "P",
    "samvadi": "r",
    "time": "sunset",
    "rasa": "shanta",
    "notes": "Evening raga at sandhi-prakash (twilight). One of the most popular Poorvi-thaat ragas."
  },
  {
    "slug": "puriya-kalyan",
    "name": "Puriya Kalyan",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Marwa",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "N r G M' D N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N D P M' G r S",
    "vadi": "G",
    "samvadi": "N",
    "time": "evening",
    "rasa": "shanta",
    "notes": "Combines Puriya (poorvanga) with Kalyan (uttaranga)."
  },
  {
    "slug": "purvikalyani",
    "name": "Purvikalyani",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 53,
    "arohana": "S r G M' P D P S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N D P M' G r S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Janya of Gamanashrama (53). Audava-sampurna."
  },
  {
    "slug": "rageshri",
    "name": "Rageshri",
    "alt_names": [
      "Rageshree"
    ],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Khamaj",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S G M D n D S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n D M G R S",
    "vadi": "G",
    "samvadi": "D",
    "time": "first prahar of night",
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Pa is omitted; both Ni's sometimes used. Sister raga to Bageshri."
  },
  {
    "slug": "ranjani",
    "name": "Ranjani",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 59,
    "arohana": "S R g M' D N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N D M' g R S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Janya of Dharmavati (59). Pa is omitted. Popular among modern composers."
  },
  {
    "slug": "reetigowla",
    "name": "Reetigowla",
    "alt_names": [
      "Ritigaula"
    ],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 22,
    "arohana": "S G g M N n D M N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n D M G g M P M g R S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "karuna",
    "notes": "Janya of Kharaharapriya (22). Vakra (zigzag) movements. Bhashanga raga."
  },
  {
    "slug": "revati",
    "name": "Revati",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 2,
    "arohana": "S r M P n S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n P M r S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "shanta",
    "notes": "Janya of Ratnangi (2). Pentatonic; equivalent to Hindustani Bairagi."
  },
  {
    "slug": "saraswati",
    "name": "Saraswati",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 64,
    "arohana": "S R M' P D n S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n D P M' R S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "shanta",
    "notes": "Janya of Vachaspati (64). Ga is omitted. Named after the goddess of learning."
  },
  {
    "slug": "shahana",
    "name": "Shahana",
    "alt_names": [
      "Sahana"
    ],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 28,
    "arohana": "S R G M P M D n D S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n D P M G M R G R S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "shanta",
    "notes": "Janya of Harikambhoji (28). Vakra in both ascent and descent. Soothing character."
  },
  {
    "slug": "shankara",
    "name": "Shankara",
    "alt_names": [
      "Sankara"
    ],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Bilawal",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S G P D N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N D P G R S",
    "vadi": "G",
    "samvadi": "N",
    "time": "first prahar of night",
    "rasa": "vira",
    "notes": "Audava-shadava raga; Ma is omitted. Named after Lord Shiva."
  },
  {
    "slug": "shankarabharanam",
    "name": "Shankarabharanam",
    "alt_names": [
      "Dheerasankarabharanam",
      "Sankarabharanam"
    ],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 29,
    "arohana": "S R G M P D N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N D P M G R S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Mela 29. Equivalent to the major scale. One of the most popular Carnatic ragas, parent of Hamsadhwani, Bilahari, Kuranji, Kambhoji and many others."
  },
  {
    "slug": "shanmukhapriya",
    "name": "Shanmukhapriya",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 56,
    "arohana": "S R g M' P d n S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n d P M' g R S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "karuna",
    "notes": "Mela 56. Named after Lord Subrahmanya (Shanmukha)."
  },
  {
    "slug": "shivranjani",
    "name": "Shivranjani",
    "alt_names": [
      "Shiv Ranjini"
    ],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Kafi",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S R g P D S'",
    "avarohana": "S' D P g R S",
    "vadi": "g",
    "samvadi": "D",
    "time": "late night",
    "rasa": "karuna",
    "notes": "Pentatonic; omits Ma and Ni. Popular in film music for melancholy moods."
  },
  {
    "slug": "shree",
    "name": "Shree",
    "alt_names": [
      "Shri"
    ],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Poorvi",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S r M' P N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N d P M' G r G r S",
    "vadi": "r",
    "samvadi": "P",
    "time": "sunset",
    "rasa": "vira",
    "notes": "Sandhi-prakash raga sung at dusk. Characteristic phrase: r M' (r) G r S."
  },
  {
    "slug": "shuddha-kalyan",
    "name": "Shuddha Kalyan",
    "alt_names": [
      "Bhoop Kalyan"
    ],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Kalyan",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S R G P D S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N D P M' G R S",
    "vadi": "G",
    "samvadi": "D",
    "time": "first prahar of night",
    "rasa": "shanta",
    "notes": "Pentatonic in arohana, sampurna in avarohana. Often confused with Bhoopali."
  },
  {
    "slug": "shuddha-saveri",
    "name": "Shuddha Saveri",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 29,
    "arohana": "S R M P D S'",
    "avarohana": "S' D P M R S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "shanta",
    "notes": "Janya of Shankarabharanam (29). Pentatonic; equivalent to Hindustani Durga."
  },
  {
    "slug": "shyam-kalyan",
    "name": "Shyam Kalyan",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Kalyan",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S R G M P M' P N D N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N D P M' P M G R S",
    "vadi": "R",
    "samvadi": "P",
    "time": "first prahar of night",
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Both Ma's used. A romantic, evening raga."
  },
  {
    "slug": "simhendramadhyamam",
    "name": "Simhendramadhyamam",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 57,
    "arohana": "S R g M' P d N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N d P M' g R S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "vira",
    "notes": "Mela 57. Powerful, lion-stride character; the name means \"Lion-roar with Ma\" (tivra Ma)."
  },
  {
    "slug": "sriranjani",
    "name": "Sriranjani",
    "alt_names": [
      "Shree Ranjani"
    ],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 22,
    "arohana": "S R g M D n S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n D M g R S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Janya of Kharaharapriya (22). Pa is omitted. Light, melodious character."
  },
  {
    "slug": "subhapantuvarali",
    "name": "Subhapantuvarali",
    "alt_names": [
      "Shubhapantuvarali"
    ],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 45,
    "arohana": "S r g M' P d N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N d P M' g r S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "karuna",
    "notes": "Mela 45. Equivalent to Hindustani Todi (Miyan ki Todi)."
  },
  {
    "slug": "tilak-kamod",
    "name": "Tilak Kamod",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Khamaj",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S R G S R P M P D M P N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' P D M G S R G S",
    "vadi": "R",
    "samvadi": "P",
    "time": "second prahar of night",
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Late evening raga; often associated with romance and devotional songs."
  },
  {
    "slug": "todi",
    "name": "Todi",
    "alt_names": [
      "Miyan ki Todi"
    ],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Todi",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "S r g M' P d N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N d P M' g r S",
    "vadi": "d",
    "samvadi": "g",
    "time": "late morning",
    "rasa": "karuna",
    "notes": "Late-morning raga with a distinctive plaintive quality. Vilambit (slow) treatment is the convention."
  },
  {
    "slug": "todi-carnatic",
    "name": "Todi (Carnatic)",
    "alt_names": [
      "Hanumatodi"
    ],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 8,
    "arohana": "S r g M P d n S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n d P M g r S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "karuna",
    "notes": "Mela 8. Distinct from Hindustani Todi (which uses tivra Ma). Carnatic Todi corresponds to Hindustani Bhairavi."
  },
  {
    "slug": "vachaspati",
    "name": "Vachaspati",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 64,
    "arohana": "S R G M' P D n S'",
    "avarohana": "S' n D P M' G R S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Mela 64. Adopted in Hindustani too. Lydian-dominant scale."
  },
  {
    "slug": "varali",
    "name": "Varali",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 39,
    "arohana": "S r g M' P d N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N d P M' g r S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "karuna",
    "notes": "Janya of Jhalavarali (39). Considered an auspicious raga to learn but ill-omened to teach (traditional superstition)."
  },
  {
    "slug": "yaman",
    "name": "Yaman",
    "alt_names": [
      "Yaman Kalyan",
      "Iman",
      "Kalyan"
    ],
    "system": "hindustani",
    "thaat": "Kalyan",
    "melakarta": null,
    "arohana": "N R G M' D N S'",
    "avarohana": "S' N D M' G R S",
    "vadi": "G",
    "samvadi": "N",
    "time": "evening (first prahar of night)",
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "One of the most fundamental ragas in Hindustani tradition. Often the first raga taught to students. Sometimes Pa is omitted in slower passages."
  },
  {
    "slug": "yamunakalyani",
    "name": "Yamunakalyani",
    "alt_names": [],
    "system": "carnatic",
    "thaat": null,
    "melakarta": 65,
    "arohana": "S R G M' P D S'",
    "avarohana": "S' D P M' G R S",
    "vadi": null,
    "samvadi": null,
    "time": null,
    "rasa": "shringara",
    "notes": "Janya of Kalyani (65). Ni is omitted. Adapted from Hindustani Yaman."
  }
]